{"id":2839,"date":"2017-04-13T08:03:49","date_gmt":"2017-04-13T06:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.activasalut.com\/ca\/?p=2839"},"modified":"2017-04-11T16:48:49","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T14:48:49","slug":"logopedia-autismo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.activasalut.com\/ca\/logopedia-autismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Logopedia i autisme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El DSM-5 (<em>Diagnostic and Statiscal Manual of Mental Disorders-5<\/em>), inclou l&#8217;<strong>Autisme<\/strong> dins dels Trastorns del Neurodesenvolupament, un grup de trastorns que t\u00e9 el seu origen en el per\u00edode de gestaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;autisme pr\u00f2piament es denomina <strong>Trastorn de l&#8217;Espectre Autista<\/strong> (TEA).<\/p>\n<h3>Caracter\u00edstiques ling\u00fc\u00edstiques del TEA<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticar TEA abans dels <strong>12 mesos pot resultar no adequat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>No obstant aix\u00f2 hi ha precursors del llenguatge que poden posar-nos en alerta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>el plor i la seva evoluci\u00f3<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>el contacte visual<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>la resposta al nom (als 6 \/7 mesos ja \u00e9s possible observar respostes)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c9s recomanable consultar si entre els 18\/24 mesos es detecta algun d\u00e8ficit receptiu o expressiu i si als 36 mesos parla per\u00f2 no se l\u2019ent\u00e9n, encara que \u00e9s possible que sigui un cas de retard d&#8217;adquisici\u00f3 del llenguatge lleu.<\/p>\n<p>La paraula<strong> PREVENCI\u00d3<\/strong> \u00e9s clau. La intervenci\u00f3 preco\u00e7 i multidisciplin\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Bitter, Georgia, serif; font-size: 22px;\">Intervenci\u00f3 logop\u00e8dica<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>atenci\u00f3 a les fam\u00edlies: informaci\u00f3 i entrenament com a ajuda d&#8217;intervenci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>adquisici\u00f3 de requisits b\u00e0sics del llenguatge: habilitats comunicatives b\u00e0siques, atenci\u00f3, imitaci\u00f3 verbal, seguiment d&#8217;instruccions verbals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Per poder\u00a0realitzar activitats de llenguatge \u00e9s necessari que el nivell de comportament sigui el menys disruptiu possible, per treballar aquest aspecte s&#8217;apliquen les t\u00e8cniques de modificaci\u00f3 de conducta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>per reduir comportaments: instaurar normes clares, temps fora&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>per augmentar determinats comportaments: lloances verbals, refor\u00e7 positiu, evitaci\u00f3&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Una altra opci\u00f3 \u00e9s l&#8217;ensenyament segons els <strong>Sistemes Alternatius de Comunicaci\u00f3 (SCA)<\/strong>, basats en pictogrames per facilitar la comunicaci\u00f3 dels nens autistes. <strong>Ha d&#8217;evitar-se l&#8217;\u00fas per a tots els casos<\/strong>, hem d&#8217;entendre que \u00e9s una ter\u00e0pia reservada per a casos determinats o com a complement.<\/p>\n<p>Freq\u00fcentment, els logopedes hem de tractar en aquests casos, a part dels aspectes presentats anteriorment, <strong>les alteracions articulat\u00f2ries i de la veu<\/strong>. La <strong>pros\u00f2dia<\/strong> es veu alterada, per un factor perceptiu o per aspectes relacionats amb la personalitat per falta de flexibilitat.<\/p>\n<p>Aix\u00ed com les <strong>ecol\u00e0lies<\/strong>, repetici\u00f3 de paraules o frases emeses pel subjecte o per altres persones sense cap tipus d&#8217;intenci\u00f3 comunicativa.<\/p>\n<h3>Alteraci\u00f3 del llenguatge<\/h3>\n<p><strong>El llenguatge est\u00e0 alterat a nivell<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>morfosint\u00e0ctic<\/strong>: vocabulari baix, desestructuraci\u00f3 de la frases, dificultat en la comprensi\u00f3 oral.<\/li>\n<li><strong>pragm\u00e0tic<\/strong>: dificultats en la interacci\u00f3 ling\u00fc\u00edstica, desenvolupament ling\u00fc\u00edstic pobre, escassa comunicaci\u00f3 no verbal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, si amb 6\/7 anys persisteixen les dificultats ling\u00fc\u00edstiques, es produeixen <strong>dificultats en l&#8217;aprenentatge de la lectoescriptura<\/strong>, la\/el logopeda haur\u00e0 de realitzar una intervenci\u00f3 conjunta amb el col\u00b7legi.<\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3 es detallen <strong>caracter\u00edstiques com a refer\u00e8ncia<\/strong>, per\u00f2 ser\u00e0 el neur\u00f2leg qui realitzar\u00e0 la valoraci\u00f3 juntament amb el psic\u00f2leg per establir un diagn\u00f2stic. <strong>Estarem davant un subjecte autista si t\u00e9 o ha tingut set de les seg\u00fcents caracter\u00edstiques<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sense llenguatge o limitat<\/li>\n<li>ecol\u00e0lia<\/li>\n<li>sembla sord<\/li>\n<li>obsessi\u00f3 per determinats objectes, apilant-los i\/o ordenant-los<\/li>\n<li>evita el contacte visual<\/li>\n<li>no respon al seu nom<\/li>\n<li>no socialitza<\/li>\n<li>no obeeix<\/li>\n<li>evita el contacte f\u00edsic<\/li>\n<li>aleteig de mans<\/li>\n<li>gira o es bressola sobre si mateix<\/li>\n<li>camina de puntetes<\/li>\n<li>agressivitat i \/o autoagresivitat<\/li>\n<li>alteraci\u00f3 de l&#8217;atenci\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>f\u00e0cilment s&#8217;enutja<\/li>\n<li>riure sense ra\u00f3 aparent<\/li>\n<li>comportament repetitiu.<\/li>\n<li>no suporta determinats sons o llums<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c9s important destacar que hem realitzat una descripci\u00f3 general, i que els nens amb TEA, poden presentar tots o alguns d&#8217;aquestes caracter\u00edstiques depenent dels diferents graus de severitat.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9s important destacar que hem realitzat una descripci\u00f3 general, i que els nens amb TEA, poden presentar tots o alguns d&#8217;aquestes caracter\u00edstiques depenent dels diferents graus de severitat.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cLa funci\u00f3 del logopeda \u00e9s desbloquejar processos i orientar a les fam\u00edlies perqu\u00e8 siguin eficaces en la seva comunicaci\u00f3 di\u00e0ria\u201d Marc Monfort<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#x1f4dd; \u00a0Direccions d&#8217;inter\u00e8s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.auticmo.com\/congreso\" target=\"_blank\">1\u00baCongres d&#8217;Autisme 2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/centreblau.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre Blau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.autismo.org.es\/\" target=\"_blank\">Confederaci\u00f3 Autisme Espanya<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.caballoamigo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fundaci\u00f3 Caballo Amigo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/autismodiario.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Autisme Diari<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statiscal Manual of Mental Disorders-5), inclou l&#8217;Autisme dins dels Trastorns del Neurodesenvolupament, un grup de trastorns que t\u00e9 el seu<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.activasalut.com\/ca\/logopedia-autismo\/\">Llegeix m\u00e9s&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2835,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[587,608,589,610,581,611,831,467],"tags":[2136,2133,2134,2123,2124,2135,2125,2126,1616,2127,2128,2137,2129,1850,1620,871,2130,2139,2131,2141,1703,2138,2140,2132,1545,1543],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Logopedia i autisme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La intervenci\u00f3n logop\u00e9dica en ni\u00f1os con autismo es muy importante para dar un importante apoyo en desbloquear procesos comunicativos del paciente.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.activasalut.com\/ca\/logopedia-autismo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" 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